Saturday, 29 October 2016

Jerome Rothenberg: �The Dreamers, for David Antin,� reprinted from A Seneca Journal with a note in reminiscence

 
[note.  In the more than six decades of my friendship with David Antin the pleasure of talking & thinking together was foremost, as much where we disagreed as where we agreed, & David & I knew that for any surface differences we had, the underlying impulse was nearly identical & made for a bond that even now fills me with wonder.  I was also keenly aware of his trickster side � as he was, I know, of mine � & never sought to turn him away from it but nearly always relished his thrust toward the unexpected & outrageous. A case in point was a claim of his that began sometime in the seventies & went on for a decade or more thereafter � the assertion, often repeated, that he never dreamed & that he never had dreamed or had first-hand knowledge of what dreams were.  I understood of course what was behind it � much like his rejection of the �imagination� & the �sacred� (otherwise near & dear to me, or imagined as such) � on which I often called him out & which he just as often shook off & persisted.  It was with regard to that, while living on the Allegany Seneca reservation in the early 1970s & writing A Seneca Journal and Shaking the Pumpkin (but also A Big Jewish Book) � that I addressed David in the poem that follows.  Otherwise an exploration of dreams & a dreamer religion & practice among the Senecas, the address that starts it is to David in his condition of fictive dreamlessness, a device of my own that David was the first to embrace.  Some years after that, David, when the time was right, began a magnificent reading or re-reading of Freud & Freud�s dream works, & confessed & described the many dreams to which he himself, for all his past denials, was also susceptible.  And the sentence from the poetic past that we most often repeated to each other, then & always, was from Shakespeare in the voice of Hamlet: �O God, I could be bounded in a nutshell, and count myself aking of infinite space�were it not that I have bad dreams.� Which we carried with us � to the very end.]
 
Seneca Journal 7: �The Dreamers� 

                                                for David Antin
 
1
 
that couple sitting
in splendor of old houses
Albert Jones & his wife Geneva
were old before my time
he was the last of the Seneca diviners
died 1968
the year we first stayed in Salamanca
with the power to know dreams
�their single divinity� wrote Fremin (S.J.) 1650
as we say �divine�
the deva in us
like a devil
or a divus (deus)
when these old woods were rich with gods
people called powers
they would appear in words
our language hides them
even now
the action of the poem brings them to light
dear David                                                                                                                                                                                        
not in the business man�s
imagination
but asking
�who is Beaver?�
forces them out of the one mind
in mything
mouthing the grains of language
as David that sounds like deva
means beloved
thus every Indian once had a name

2

 �devils� the Jesuits said
or �dreams�
but were barred from the dying man�s room
who sat       dreaming       singing
surrounded by bells      knives      needles      scissors      blankets
caps      coats       wampum belts      beads       awls
�the thousand objects of his dreams�
was careful not to kill a desire
in sleep
he knew he wanted to eat
dog�s flesh or man�s
that his father�s hatchet had vanished
something forever secret
waited in him
the 13th virgin in the love feast
always out of reach
therefore they fed him like babe or woman
the dark diviner at his side
wept still over riddles�
beads & pumpkins�
& the man screamed rolling in the fire
cut his own fingers off with seashells
once aimed a blow at some poor girl�s head
but stopped (said) �I am satisfied
�my dream
�requires nothing further
like the vision as a boy he saw
an old man �of rare beauty�
who held out bear meat in right hand
human in left
ate of the bear & was a hunter
came back     ordered gifts
�10 dogs
�10 porcelain beads from each cabin
�a collar (belt of wampum) 10 rows wide
�4 measures of sunflower seeds
& sat 10 hours by scorching flame
singing his death song
so the Jesuit wrote
�all their cabins they have filled with dreams 

3
 
was it the moon she saw
like the moon in Poland that old mother
once lighted up our minds
that the Iroquois woman dreamed of
had walked out from her cabin
baby daughter in her arms
�old moon�s dropped down to earth
(she says)
��s become a woman
�like myself but holds
�another babe
�as if I�ve walked into a mirror
& the moon stands
blood red
(says)
�I am thy dominant
�seigneur
�fat with my moon glow
�grant thee the power to name gifts
�maybe tobacco       flashy beads
�robe of red squirrel fur
�to thee be given
�see they proclaim dream feasts in my name
�so much I love thee
�I would thee be like me
�like fire
�wholly
�to live in color of
�mine fire
now is herself
Red Lady                                                                      
dresses all up in red
her feathers cap belt shoes all red
she�s even smearing her body red
encircles each protuberance
red of her labia
so fine
�s her brain turned upside down
now she will walk bare foot through
200 fires
squawk her old woman song
grown red with love
stretches her pink tongue to touch
�her last desire�

4

�turned upside down�
this is the ceremony at last
there is nothing
before it greater than
the woman at the rim of her own dream
sees a new world below
the air expands
blows against
her legs
its fingers open the dull labia
suddenly aglow
& burning
red with a new promise
the world-child takes root in her
will be a daughter
she be the grandmother to what
is good & bad
walks now in the new
world below her head
like crossing the back of an old turtle
on your hands
in a country where everyone wears feathers
where skin�s like glass
opens a window in her breast      say
from which an Indian
tired from his �show�
stares out
shines at you
a gold tooth
& a terrible top hat
with flags

Monday, 24 October 2016

Alec Finlay: A Poem of Namings, from Gaelic and Norn

River Dee: photograph by Hannah Devereux, 2016 (from gathering)
Alec Finlay is a Scottish poet and artist based in Edinburgh. These texts come from a series of ongoing projects derived from research into place-names, in particular Gaelic (from his book gathering, forthcoming from Hauser & Wirth, 2018) and Norn � the dialect of Scots and Norse spoken in Orkney and Shetland Norn c.1800 (from MinnMouth, forthcoming 2017). This sequence derives from a performance given at the O-I/I-O poetry festival, Glasgow, 2016, as a closer to the whole event.
 

(1) 

a name means nothing to a place 

place-names are necessary relations 

a name recovered returns the claims of human affection for a place 

place-names identify a field of biotic relationships 

place-names are allied to habitat restoration 

listen to a place-name, hear the dead speak 

some place-names follow speech but run counter to meaning 

names change when the guard of speech alters 

some place-names are all that remain of lost languages 

our place-names un-name older names 

most people lives in places, a few dwell in names 

the meaning of a name may go into oblivion long before the name itself
 

(2) 

the oldest names
belong to rivers
the glen�s flowers  

Geldie
Shinewater 

Humber
Shadewater
 

numen swim
hidden within names 

Uisge D
River Dee
Water of the Goddess 

the river is the goddess� (WJ Watson)
 

oldest of all
flowingofwaterriver
from -er, -orto cause, to move
 

a place-name is an intensification of awareness 

Maighdean Mhonaidh
The Lassie on the Hill 

place your finger here
on the flower
of the mountain
 

place-names are social signs                  
for natural forms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
                                                                                   
Cairnsulendoo
Dark-eyed Springs Cairn
 

 (3) 

place-names exist in space 

they evolve in speech
over time 

speech steers names
into new forms 

ears become tongues 

the translation of a place-name
is a matter of sound andsense
exemplifying the tidal
nature of meaning
 

the wave the rock-reef makes: bod
the rock-reef that makes the wave: ba
� we sink or swim by such distinctions
 

in place-names the mouth - minn -
     is bay
mouthful of sand and pebbles
mouth of the river
   and mother
minn, sought on the child�s
   tongue
 

on Shetland
Banna Minn
Tether Mouth 

BANNA: band, fetter
MINN: mouth 

Burra teddirt
by a sandy rib )
puckerin da lip
skornin da bod 

soonds a mooth
n ammas th childers
murmurashen
needfu fir mynnye
 

Score Minni
Mother Sound
also on Shetland 

Skor: hollow in the seabed, sound
MINN: mouth  

soonds ascar / mark�d inda / sea-boddam 

 da brimtuds fl�ddin
   da mooth fuwi
      soonds  faain
   laumin      swinklin
beatin      onda chord
                 oda aert
 

south to Suffolk
Minsmere
Mouthaven 

MYNNI: firth
MERE: sea-pool 

shippin owt
   somethin deep
      in th bloo-O 

or havin more
   ova bowl ov
      sumthin tidal
 

Notes 
 

With thanks to Harry Giles, Katrina Porteous, Ian Duhig, and Laura Watts for their guidance in terms of dialects 
 

Banna Minn (for Jen Hadfield) 
 

Burra, tethered by a sandy tombolo, puckering the lip, imitating the waves � sound is a mouth, and amma is the children�s discontented murmuring, needful for their mum, minn 
 

Tombolo connecting Kettla Ness to the rest of Burra, Shetland. Band, N. band or fetters; band, Sc, string together; tether, bond; means of restraint, confining force or influence. Minni, mynni, ON, mijin, Sh, mouth of a stream, inlet; munnr, the mouth, from PIE *ment-. Minn, mijn, Sc, minni, Sh, the mouth, a child's word. Mynnye, OSc, mother, said to be a child�s instinctive utterances; also a bay or inlet, arm of the sea, sound or strait. Teddirt, OrN, tethered. Skoarn, skoarnin, Sh, imitate someone, repeat what someone says. Bod, Sh, onward motion of the waves. Soond, Sc, sound. Mooth, Sc, mouth. Childer: Sc, children. Amma (Ind), mother. Murmurashen, Sh, murmur or discontented muttering. Needfu, OrN, needing, needy for.
 

Score Minni 
 

sounds is a scar marked in the sea bottom � the bay of tidal breakers is the mouth as it fills with sounds, falling, flowing, splashing, beating, on the chord of the earth 
 

Formerly Skora Minn, bay by Outer Score, between Bressay and Skor Head, Shetland. Skor, ON, sound, hollow in the seabed; skord, Sh, crack, fissure; mark or notch for keeping count. In North-east England scar, from sker, ON, reef can refer to rocks at the foot of sea-cliffs, a narrow beach, or shore-based reef. Bodd�am, Sh, sea-bottom. MinnSc, mouth; Jakobsen gives mynni, minni, Sh, �opening into which a stream of firth disembogues�. Brimtud, Sh, sound of breakers on the shore. Fld, Sh, tide. Laum, neologism devised by the Russian poet Velimir Khlebnikov, defined as �broad, flowing over the broadest area, knowing no confining shores�, from the l sound of lit and lodka, flow and boat. Swinkle, Sh, splash gently. Baetin, Sh, beating. Opo da, Sh, upon the; oda, Sh, of the. Aert, Sh, earth.
 

Minsmere (for Guy Moreton) 
 

�lagu byp leodum   langsum gepuht / the sea by (lands)men is deemed everlasting�, The Old English Rune Poem, tr. Bill Griffiths 
 

(July) shipping out something deep in the blue O [the sweep of the sea�s horizon]. (March) or having more of a bowl of something tidal [the safety of harbour]. 
 

Suffolk village lost to the sea in the 16thc.; the name survives in Minsmere Levels and Minsmere Haven. The name is a Scandinavian-English hybrid; it means River-mouth Lake, from OScand, mynni, mouth of the river; mere, OE, pool, sea; ME, haven, OE, hoefen harbour, inlet with good anchorage. The River Minsmere is know as the Yox, River Yoke, in its upper stretch. Lida, AS, July, the mild month of calm weather for voyages; Hredmonath, AS, March, the fierce month, wise to stay in harbour. Sheeppin, sumffin, haffin, Suff, shipping, something, having. Mo+wa, Suff, more. Bowlow, Suff, bowl of. The blue O is the sea orisounde, ME, horizon, which John Clare thought could be reached in a day�s walk. Bill Griffiths suggests that The Old English Rune Poem was Anglian, sharing characteristics with the riddling of Old Norse kenning. East Anglia was among the earliest places where English was spoken, as the dialect spoken by of Frisian, Angle, Saxon, Jute, and Swabian language communities became �islanded�, and eroded or absorbed Brittonic.
 

Bibliography
 

James Stout Angus, A Glossary of the Shetland Dialect
Keith Briggs and Kelly Kilpatrick, A Dictionary of Suffolk
     Place-names
AOD Claxton, The Suffolk Dialect of the Twentieth Century
Dictionary of the Scots Language/ Dictionar o the Scots Leid,
John J. Graham, Shetland Dictionary
Bill Griffiths, Anglo-Saxon Magic
Bill Griffiths, Fishing and Folk
J�kup Jakobsen, The Place-names of Shetland
Velimir Khlebnikov, tr. Charlotte Douglas & Paul Schmidt: The
     King of Time      
Velimir Khlebnikov, tr. Charlotte Douglas & Paul Schmidt:
     Theoretical Writings
David Mills,Suffolk Place-names
Walter Skeat, The Place-names of Suffolk
John Stewart, Shetland Place-names
Peter Trudgill, The Norfolk Dialect
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