Saturday, 27 February 2016

George Quasha: from Alternate Lingualities (preverbs), with a note on �Self-Organized Criticality�

George Quasha's 'axial art,' from the artist's website
(Six from a series of thirty-four poems)
                                                                            for Lissa Wolsak

1                                    taller tales still to untell

My life or this dream may have matured to the point where I 
     can say I eat earth.
Suddenly I see myself dancing alone never alone in a mirror 

     reflectively still.
I woke in a sweat because I remembered I have no name.
Mind awakens by field, fireflies.
Eating earth is not eating dirt, the latter requiring more 

     complex evolution.
We�re only foreplaying in the sensible.
Dragon eyes are her apertures and my port of entry.
No customs pertain.
Finding fire in the cold of her body I lit up.
Anima animates my animal awake to her human.
Reading certain texts you touch a mind you could never find.
I can say what is true so long as I do not believe it.
I�m still tracking the beings I know without knowing�
     especially not who.
The faith of the bowman is beyond belief.
The tall slender high-heeled tale goes like this dakini 

     sounding of unknown origin. 
The target sucks in the arrow.
Effortless expression has got my number.
Vida: Eat pussy with fire until turning up swirl rouses 

     the dragon.
No need to believe that�there�s no her and no me where 
     she has us going.

2                                  spread

I�m revising my sense of beauty as we speak.
I write the line as if running out of ink.
It means the book means in flashes of the field, surrounded 

     and self-erasing.
In the end nothing to rely on but a hunch.
The ego doesn�t die, it just fragments, pales, and multiplies.
It�s got craft if attachment releases without rejection of 
     sensual texture.
You see it in deep cloud activity with your own eyes, not 

     entirely yours.
My life or this dream may have matured to the point where 

     I can say I drink dragons.
Running out of ink running out of my cave, all for love of 
     cageless eggs and spread.
Order is performative.
It hits the spot.
The cloud is making offerings on my behalf which helps 
     me across the bridge.
I can only say this due to the proto-allegorical tendencies 

     of my life in footnotes.
Distraction is not knowing the speaking is going on 

     without your apparent consent.
Duly noted and on foot as reflected by the page.
I get lost enough to let it show.
Notably: The greatest number of egos congregate where 

     one has been annihilated.
This line of thinking accounts for my no count identity.
I grow less sure of one as a day ages.


20                           gender dynamic

Poetry is language willing to get excited not knowing what 
     it is.
In the divine moment the mirror looks the other way.
Only the things never thought can reach us at this distance.
Fixtures of body are depressions of form.
Mirror art is less and less reliable, only where spooked it 

     reflects further.
The poem keeps turning away from itself to escape conditions.
Pronouns are drifting, feeling unwanted.
When I see myself clearly I�m the echo of my poems.
Contradictions come to light like moths.
Disappearing shadows guide my reading.
Body patterns depress.
Known beauty is parasitic.
Buddhas teach nothing.
It�s tomorrow all around the poem where I hides from 
     aggression.
There�s discursive hope in confusing pronouns.
You answer my burning question and I cool down inside.
She answers, I heat, the attitude producing the question ignites.
Mystical union gives off interpronominal pulsation.



22                           story is a killer
       
Chi riding wind scatters till meeting water retains.
I write what I long to read that longs to be read and it lengthens,
      then cut.
No blow benign unless driven by winds of unaccountable 
     awareness.
I take back all strikes against others and myself but note not all 
     rush back home.
The same for the opposite but there is no opposite. It�s narration, 

     how we get here.
The sky clouds, the line crowds: step by stop, word by world, 
     repeat not, no spell.
Refuge narrates unless the breath draws up unaccountable 

     awareness.
The book is watching. The page flicks askance. Rhetorical fractals. 
     Deadly story.
Literary mind is never ready for its ditch.
Fencing distracts from vulnerability.
In an instant I am my poem.
What was I thinking before the train blew through� but the 

     thought escapes me.
All the poems ever read are your own forever but who�s counting�
Your life work talking about itself talking about itself tracks itself 
     when you let it.
It�s a diary of everything that never happened before its moment.
Instantly speaking its dialect of not ever before loses me but now 

     I�m found, telling.
Follow the appetites.
A surface moving aright feels the surgent underpulse of verb 

     acting up in flow.
Lingual eros tells the touch that takes itself back at the threshold.


23                           body at large
      
The frog pond knows you�re listening.
The poem gets excited being read.
No one can prove any of this which qualifies it to be the subject 

     of poetry.
Music spirals in the head, in the cells, in the room.
This is what we mean by touching.
You get what you can handle.                                 
Listening to the same sound equals breathing the same air.
Getting so close you wonder how can anything contaminate 

     the unlimited.
Listeners touch from inside to inside direct.
Self-celebratory mind is never ready for potholes.
When failure to find order times out the session reading mind 

     crashes.
If only it had held on longer it could have bottomed out and 

     burned with the poem.
The true subject of poetry is knitting, scale-invariant.
Concerto robust weave around chamber sensitive skin.
I keep hoping I�ll find the fit but it finds me first.
The theme fields are barely edible.
That had to be written lest she refuse me unaccountable 
     awareness.
If I�ve said it once I�ve overspoken for a self-true body of work 

     teaches itself.
Suddenly I�m watching squirrels with my whole body leaping 
     through trees to tips.


25                          seeing from behind

Language has better things to do than say what I mean.
Picking on pronouns may be a cheap trick vitalized by an 

     unfolding nature of things.
We hold their feet to the fire and suffer the burn.
Successful communication is blood from a turnip-shaped stone.
Logics are that evolve on a curve. Consistency is not a core virtue.
Never enough language for everything trying to be said true to 
     its singularity.
The past leaps up out of the present waving its signifying arms, 
     futuristic.
I play a shell game with myself and always get it wrong.
Turbulence, lightning, my landscape�s minding.
I accuse the mirror which in turn accuses me.
Syntax ends up turning on itself midway.
Pick the shell phrase that conceals the Stone.
Wrong forever the thinking to find.
Purport and import dance through our discourse.
No god who lets you name him/her/them can be trusted.
I mirror her mirror before it sees me.
The third gender is the one engendering free.
They speak me from behind myself for whose sake is yet 
     to come.

Preverbs and the Poetics of Self-Organized Criticality

A few months ago I had very interesting conversations with James Sherry in which we discussed the issues in his important piece on ecological thinking and poetry, �Against One Model,� where he raises what I consider to be a core issue today: ��can poetry enhance our correspondence with the non-human components of the biosphere, giving us a chance to adapt our culture to new conditions?� He stands against the idea of a �single model of human interaction with the biosphere,� and his approach resonates with the poetic principle I call axial in its avoidance of model-based solutions whenever possible, and for me that includes any binding single-concept approaches to poetic theory and practice. Axiality is a principle conceived as necessary free space for continuously rethinking anything at all�even wheel-reinvention. The appeal of applying external modes of thinking to poetics�like ecology, quantum physics, ethology, linguistics�functions both as source of alternative approaches to poetic principle and as inquiry into how poetics can help us rethink our relation to the world. Axiality encourages the view that these seemingly contrary orientations are not either/or�the poem or the world�but instead that poetry comprises a zone of oscillatory thinking�poem as working matrix of revisioning all manner of questions facing us. Accordingly I want to mention here my interest in considering a poetics of self-organized criticality regarding how a poetic process might become intelligent in its own right, and for me how ordering becomes articulate in relation to sustained trust in the self-organizing process.
     In a recent dialogue with Thomas Fink about the four published books of preverbs I wrote that 17 years ago preverbs started out as an accumulation of individually generated lines with no concept of discrete parts beyond collected bunches of non-linear lines with titles (a �poem� was over a hundred lines single-spaced and no breaks). That was true for about the first 5,000 lines. It evolved, like everything in preverbs, by something like self-organized criticality (SOC). That rather specialized physics term was introduced to me a few years ago by the Scottish nano-physicist James Gimzewski (UCLA), working with the artist Victoria Vesna, and it helped me understand how preverbs had evolved from the level of single line to poem to book. Frankly there were important gaps in my retrospective understanding of the uncertainty process which became somewhat clearer when I thought about it using the concept of SOC. Defined technically as �a property of (classes of) dynamical systems that have a critical point as an attractor,� it describes an approach to complexity in which a system with many units interacting locally has an unpredictable critical threshold for change globally. Studying the part will not predict the behavior of the whole. Examples include the weather, earthquakes, climate change, the global economy, and, recently, brain activity�now poetry. The base is the old but continuously refined idea of self-organization, describing overall order emerging out of local interactions, the smaller components of an initially disordered system, or chaos.
     From the beginning preverbs have come mostly preformed and performative in the ear-mind. I write them in a notebook I carry with me everywhere, ever ready to write because I have about 30 underway I regard as dowsing�the pen as doodlebug or divining rod, so to speak, an indicative conduit. You could call it syntax witching. I gravitate toward this sort of metaphor of the unexplainable because the process is self-generating, not contrived or rationally focused or adapted for aesthetic effect. It�s a nodal event that comes with a body-sense aura, which over time one gets better at distinguishing from mental babble. A sharp incursion of the unknown attractor.

Friday, 19 February 2016

Jerome Rothenberg: from �Further Autovariations,� Three Poems, 2016

Reminders of a Vanished Earth

1/
the poem as landscape

the definition
of a place
is more than
what was seen
or what was
felt before    
when dreaming
of the dead
the way
a conflagration
wrapped itself
around his world
leaving in his mind
a trace of dunes
the fallout from
a ring of mountains
reminders
of a vanished earth
the landscape
marked with rising tufts
the hardness of
clay tiles
that press against
our feet like bricks
the soil concealed
beneath its coverings
through which a weave
of twisted wires
crisscross the empty
field as markers
to commemorate
the hapless dead
the ones who fly
around like ghosts
bereft of either
home or tomb
in what would once
have been their world
the count fades out
beyond 10,000
leaves them to be swept
down endless ages
fused together
or else set apart
lost nomads
on the road
to desolation
a field on mars
they wait to share
with others 
dead at last

2/
a deep romantic chasm

Head facing downward
I descend the chasm
little caring
about space or time
my face caught halfway
between dark & light
a mix of random chance
& kindred circumstances,
before I reach the bottom
& a narrow street
alongside which I spot
a darkly churning stream
& follow it
until I reach its source.

Here is a world
outside of time & season*                  *rhyme & reason
only broken by the sound
of ghostly birds
that blast us till we find
that we�ve arrived
nearby a field behind
a battered wooden fence,
the specters in that world
stare out at us,
move back & forth
until they cover the horizon, come
forward, forward
rising in their legions.

All they have to offer
is a turn, a word,
a sound that we can hear
& answer in return,
what has long been known
but left unspoken,
words from inner space
the tongue turns off,
the dead will learn
to speak again, the universe
is theirs & covers them
until they flee at morning,
leave us in a dream still,
faces awash with dew.

This will be the final book
the poet dreams or writes,
whose home is in his mind
or maybe elsewhere,
follows it around the world
to where it leads him,
a space forever dark
an air so heavy
that he cannot push through it
or recognize the faces
waiting for him as before
too distant to pursue,
the world once full of smiles
now dark with tears.

I am not he,
the wanderer, the captive,
the one who lives his life
as in a dream,
the messages that reach him
from a dying galaxy
fall on deaf ears,
echoes of an empty sky
the final world bereft
of sounds & images,
returned to what it was,
adrift & mindless,
the grim memento
of its absent god.

3/
Larger Than Life

He is  left
without a word
but nailed
onto his bed
like someone
crucified
he starts to dream
of Europe
in a countryside
where angels
run half-blinded
feel the power waning
from a dying sun,
long shadows form
a wall of snakes
each one a shape
that dangles
ghostlike, clambers up
a single tree
each with a face     
much like a babe�s
the light escaping
from their eyes
the eyelids
chewed
& cast aside
days beyond days
how many lost
while dreaming, playing
murmuring the songs
their fathers sang,
still in their minds
no time for solace
nor a moment�s rest
the man locked in
the prison of his bed
from which a foot
breaks free, a hand
frantic & fierce
escapes from his,
the punishment
for angry words
let loose
no longer muted
calling forth a shudder
or a sigh
to mark the end of
space & time
nowhere to turn or hide
before the ending
when the dead
bury the dead
the road to nowhere
opens, no one
riding it but smacking up
against a wall
to die in pieces
like the image of
the battered body
of their god
hidden beneath
a bed of leaves
the ground around him
carrying the stain
that pain delivers   
as a harbinger
the victory of death
against all life.

Saturday, 13 February 2016

From Technicians of the Sacred (expanded): Papa Susso, with Bob Holman, �How Kora Was Born�



















This story begins long long long long ago
So long ago that it was a place not a time
There was a man
He was so alone
The only person he could talk to was Africa
Luckily there was a tree nearby

Even more luckily behind that tree
That�s where his partner was hiding
All the sun and all the water were condensed
Into a single tiny block
Which the man planted in the sandy soil
He blew and he blew on that spot
Each time he blew he thought he heard something
What he was hearing was of course his partner singing
The man didn�t even know what singing was
Because he could only talk
He couldn�t sing yet
So he blew and he listened, blew listened blew listened
And the plant pushed out dark green
And began to twist and grow
A vine reaching for the breath
And stretching towards the song
(Because it was made from sun and rain, remember?)
So at the end of the vine that was the calabash
And the tree it was not a tree anymore
It was the neck and handles
That was when the man�s partner Saba Kidane
Came out into the open (but that�s another story)
And the breath and the singing and the vine?
Well, there are 21 strings, what do you think?
And now you say what about the bridge and the cowhide
And the rings that tie the strings to the neck
So you can tune the kora
Hey, what about the thumbtacks that hold
The cowhide taut over the calabash

And the resonator hole
Well you go right on talking about all that
I�m playing kora now
Next time I�ll tell you about the cow

                                                                     (Mandinka, Gambia)

     Source:  Translation by Bob Holman & Papa Susso, from B. Holman, Sing This One Back to Me, Coffee House Press, Minneapolis, 2013.

     Susso�s art as a griot (a jeli in Mandinkan) is firmly rooted, by his continuing account, in the Mandinkan oral tradition but has moved through translation & collaboration with U.S. poet Bob Holman into a written form that treated �melodies as speech,� as Susso has it, thereby changing �songs� to �poems.�  Concerning Susso & the traditions from which his work derives, his official �biography� reads:

lhaji Papa Susso (Suntu), master kora player, traditional musician, oral historian, virtuoso and director of the Koriya Musa Center for Research in Oral Tradition, was born on the 29th of September, 1947, in the village of Sotuma Sere in the Upper River Division of The Republic of Gambia, West Africa.

Papa Susso hails from a long line of Griots (traditional oral historians).  His father taught him to play the kora when he was five years old.  The kora was invented by the "Susso" family of the Mandinka tribe of the great Manding Empire.  It is a 21-stringed harp-lute unique to the westernmost part of Africa and is meant to be played only by the Jeli (professional musicians, praise singers and oral historians), who were traditionally attached to the royal courts.  Their duties included recounting tribal history and genealogy, composing commemorative songs and performing at important tribal events.

Papa Susso is a Muslim by religion.  He has traveled quite extensively to East, West and Central Africa, the Middle East, Europe, Asia, Canada, and the United States of America, spreading his special message of peace and love.

Current performances are now available at YouTube & elsewhere on the internet.

Saturday, 6 February 2016

The Poetry of Osip Mandelstam: A Radio Play by Paul Celan (complete)













Translated from Celan�s German by Pierre Joris

[Reposted as a followup to Pierre Joris�s �Thoughts on Osip Mandelstam�s Birthday,� Jacket2, January 16, 2016.]

1. Speaker: In 1913 a small volume of poetry was published in St. Petersburg, entitled �The Stone.� These poems clearly carry weight; as the poets Georgij Ivanov and Nikolai Gumilev admit, one would like to have written them oneself, and yet ! these poems estrange. �Something,� remembers Sinaida Hippius who was centrally involved in the literary life back then and who had a way with words, �something had gotten into them.�

2. Speaker: Something strange � as various contemporaries report � which also applies to the author of the volume, Osip Mandelstam, born 1891 in Warsaw and who grew up in St. Petersburg and Pawlowsk and about whom it is known, among other things, that he studied philosophy in Heidelberg and is presently enamored of Greek.

1. Speaker: Something strange, somewhat uncanny, slightly absurd. Suddenly you hear him break into laughter ! on occasions where a completely other reaction is expected; he laughs much too often and much too loudly. Mandelstam is oversensitive, impulsive, unforeseeable. He is also nearly indescribably fearful: if, for example, his route leads past a police station, he�ll make a detour.

2. Speaker: And among all the major Russian poets who survive the first post-revolutionary decade � Nikolai Gumilev will be shot in 1921 as a counter-revolutionary; Velimir Khlebnikov, the great utopian of language, will die of starvation in 1922 � this �scarety cat,� anxious Osip Mandelstam will be the only defiant and uncompromising one, �the only one,� as the younger literary historian Vladimir Markov notes, �who never ate humble pie�.

1. Speaker: The twenty poems from the volume �The Stone� strike one as strange. They are not �word-music,� they are not impressionistic �mood poetry� woven together from �timbres,� no �second� reality symbolically inflating the real. Their images resist the concept of the metaphor and the emblem; their character is phenomenal.  These verses, contrary to Futurism�s simultaneous expansion, are free of neologisms, word-concretions, word-destructions; they are not a new �expressive� art.

The poem in this case is the poem of the one who knows that he is speaking under the clinamen of his existence, that the language of his poem is neither �analogy� nor plain language, but language �actualized,� voiceful and voiceless simultaneously, set free under the sign of an indeed radical individuation which, however and at the same time, remains mindful of the limits imposed on it by language and of the possibilities language has opened up.

The place of the poem is a human place, �a place in the cosmos�, yes, but here, down here, in time. The poem � with all its horizons � remains a sublunar, terrestrial, creaturely phenomenon. It is the language of a singular being that has taken on form; it has objectivity and oppositeness, substance and presence.  It stands into time.

2. Speaker: The thoughts of the �acmeists� or, as they also call themselves, the �Adamists,� grouped around Gumilev and his magazines �The Hyperborean� and �Apollo,� move along the same (or similar) orbits.

1. Speaker: The thoughts.  But not, or only rarely, the poems themselves.

1. Speaker: �Acme�, that means the high point, maturity, the fully developed flower.

2. Speaker: Osip Mandelstam�s poem wants to develop what can be perceived and reached with the help of language and make it actual in its truth. In this sense we are permitted to understand this poet�s �Acmeism� as a language that has born fruit.

1. Speaker: These poems are the poems of someone who is perceptive and attentive, someone turned toward what becomes visible, someone addressing and questioning: these poems are a conversation. In the space of this conversation the addressed constitutes itself, becomes present, gathers itself around the I that addresses and names it. But the addressed, through naming, as it were, becomes a you, brings its otherness and strangeness into this present. Yet even in the here and now of the poem, even in this immediacy and nearness it lets its distance have its say too, it guards what is most its own: its time.

2. Speaker: It is this tension of the times, between its own and the foreign, which lends that pained-mute vibrato to a Mandelstam poem by which we recognize it. (This vibrato is everywhere: in the interval between the words and the stanza, in the �courtyards� where rhymes and assonances stand, in the punctuation. All this has semantic relevance.) Things come together, yet even in this togetherness the question of their Wherefrom and Whereto resounds � a question that �remains open,� that �does not come to any conclusion,� and points to the open and cathexable, into the empty and the free.

1. Speaker: This question is realized not only in the �thematics� of the poems; it also takes  shape in the language � and that�s why it becomes a �theme� � : the word  � the name!  � shows a preference for noun-forms, the adjective becomes rare, the �infinitives,� the nominal formsof the verb dominate: the poem remains open to time, time can join in, time participates.

2. Speaker:A poem from the year 1910:

The listening, the finely-tensed sail.
The gaze, wide, empties itself.
The choir of midnight birds,
swimming through silence, unheard.

I have nothing, I resemble the sky.
I am the way nature is: poor.
Thus I am, free: like those midnight
voices, the flocks of birds.

You, sky, whitest of shirts,
you, moon, unsouled, I see you.
And, emptyness, your world, the strange
one, I receive, I take!

1. Speaker: A poem from the year 1911:

Mellow, measured: the horses� hoofs.
Lantern-light � not much.
Strangers drive me. Who do know
whereto, to what end.

I am cared for, which I enjoy,
I try to sleep, I�m freezing.
Toward the beam we drive, the star,
they turn � all this rattling!

The head, rocked, I feel it burning.
The foreign hand, its soft ice.
The dark outline there, the fir trees
of which I know nothing.

2. Speaker: A poem from the year 1915:

Insomnia. Homer. Sails, taut.
I read the catalog of ships, did not get far:
The flight of cranes, the young brood�s trail
high above Hellas, once, before time and 
     time again.

Like that crane wedge, driven into the most 
      foreign �
The heads, imperial, God�s foam on top, humid �
You hover, you swim � whereto? If Helen 
     wasn�t there,
Acheans, I ask you, what would Troy be worth 
     to you?

Homer, the seas, both: love moves it all.
Who do I listen to, who do I hear? See � 
     Homer falls silent.
The sea, with black eloquence beats this shore,
Ahead I hear it roar, it found its way here.
  
1. Speaker: In 1922, five years after the October revolution, �Tristia,� Mandelstam�s second volume of poems comes out.

                The poet ! the man for whom language is everything, origin and fate ! is in exile with his language, �among the Scythians.� �He has� ! and the whole cycle is tuned to this, the first line of the title poem ! �he has learned to take leave ! a science�.

                Mandelstam, like most Russian poets � like Blok, Bryusov, Bely, Khlebnikov, Mayakovsky, Esenin� welcomed the revolution. His socialism is a socialism with an ethico-religious stamp; it comes via Herzen, Mihkaylovsky, Kropotkin. It is not by chance that in the years before the revolution the poet was involved with the writings of the Chaadaevs, Leontievs, Rozanovs and Gershenzons. Politically he is close to the party of the Left Social Revolutionaries. For him � and this evinces a chiliastic character particular to Russian thought  � revolution is the dawn of the other, the uprising of those below, the exaltation of the creature � an upheaval of downright cosmic proportions. It unhinges the world.

2. Speaker:

Let us praise the freedom dawning here
this great, this dawn-year.
Submerged, the great forest of creels
into waternights, as none had been.
Into darkness, deaf and dense you reel,
you, people, you: sun-and-tribunal.0,05c hoch

The yoke of fate, brothers, sing it
which he who leads the people carries in tears.
The yoke of power and darkenings,
the burden that throws us to the ground.
Who, oh time, has a heart, hears with it, understands:
he hears your ship, time, that founders.

There, battle-ready, the phalanx � there, the swallows!
We linked them together, and � you see it:
The sun � invisible. The elements, all
alive, bird-voiced, underway.
The net, the dusk: dense. Nothing glimmers.
The sun � invisible. The earth swims.0,05c hoch

Well, we�ll try it: turn that rudder around!
It grates, it grinds, you leftists � come on, rip it around!
The earth swims. You men, take courage, once more!
We plough the seas, we break up the seas.
And to think, Lethe, even when your frost pierces us:
To us earth was worth ten heavens.

1. Speaker: The horizons are darkening � leave-taking takes pride of place, expectations wane, memory reigns on the fields of time. For Mandelstam, Jewishness belongs to what is remembered:

This night: unamendable,
with you: light, nonetheless.
Suns, black, that flare up
before Jerusalem.0,05c hoch

Suns, yellow: greater fright �
sleep, hushaby.
Bright Jewish home: they bury
my mother dear.

No longer priesterly,
robbed of grace and salvation,
they sing a woman�s dust
out of the world, in the light.

Jews� voices, silent they kept not,
mother, how loud it sounded.
I wake up in my cot
by a black sun, surrounded.

2. Speaker: In 1928 a further volume of poems appears � the last one. A new collection joins the two previous ones also gathered here. �No more breath � the firmament swarms with maggots� � : this line opens the cycle. The question about the wherefrom becomes more urgent, more desperate � the poetry � in one of his essays he calls it a plough � tears open the abyssal strata of time, the �black earth of time� appears on the surface. The eye, talking with the perceived, and pained, develops a new ability: it becomes visionary: it accompanies the poem into its underground. The poem writes itself toward an other, a �strangest� time.

1. Speaker:1 JANUARY1924

Whoever kisses time�s sore brow
will often, like a son, think tenderly
how she, time, laid down to sleep outside
in high heaped wheat drifts, in the corn.

Whoever has raised the century�s eyelid
� both slumber-apples, large and heavy � ,
hears noise, hears the streams roar
the lying times, relentlessly

Imperious century, with loam-beautiful mouth
and two apples, asleep � yet
before it dies: to the son�s hand, so shrunken,
it bends down its lip.

Life�s breath, I know, ebbs away each day,
one more small one, a small one � and
deceased is the song of mortification, loam and plague,
with lead they seal your mouth.

Oh loam-and -life! Oh centrury�s death!
Only to the one, I�m afraid, does its meaning reveal itself,
in whom there was a smile, helpless � to the inheritor,
the man who lost himself.

Oh pain, oh to search for the lost word.
oh lid and lid to raise, sick and weak,
for generations, the strangest, with lime in your blood
to gather the grass and the weed of night!

Time. The lime in the blood of the sick son
turns hard. Moscow, that wooden coffer, sleeps.
Time, the sovereign. And no escape anywhere...
The snow�s apple-scent, as always.

The sill here: I wish I could leave it.
Whereto? The street � darkness.
And, as if it were salt, so white, there on the pavement
lies my conscience, spread out before me.

Through winding lanes, through slipways
the journey goes, somehow:
a bad passenger sits in a sled,
pulls a blanket over the knees.

The lanes, the shimmering lanes, the by-lanes
the runners crunch�s like apples under the tooth.
The strap, I can�t grab it,
it doesn�t want me to, and the hand is clammy.

Night, carwoman, with what scrap and iron
are you rolling through Moscow?
Fish thud here, and there, from pink houses,
it steams toward you � scalegold!

Moscow, anew. Ah, I greet you, once more!
Forgive, excuse � my misery wasn�t very great.
I like to call them, as always, my brethren:
the pike�s saying and the hard frost!

The snow in the pharmacy�s raspberry light...
A clattering, from afar, an Underwood...
The coachman�s back... the roadway, blown away...
What more do you want? They won�t kill you.

Winter � beauty. And skyward the white,
the starmilk � it streams, streams away and blinks.
The horsehair blanket crunches along the icy
runners � the horsehair blanket sings!

The little lanes, smoking, the petroleum, always � :
swallowed by  snow,  raspberry colored.
They hear the Soviet-sonatina jingle,
remember the year twenty.

Does it make me swear and damn?
� The frost�s apple-scent, again �
Oh oath that I swore to the fourth estate!
Oh my promise, heavy with tears!

Oh whom will you kill? Whom will you praise?
And what lie, tell me, are you going to make up?
Tear off this cartilage, the keys of the machine:
the pike�s bones you lay open.

The lime in the blood of the sick son: it fades.
A laughter, blissful, frees itself �
Sonatas, powerful... The little sonatina
of the typewriter � : only its shadow!
  
2. Speaker: That�s how to escape contingency: through laughter. Through what we know as the poet�s �senseless� laughter � through the absurd. And on the way there what does appear � mankind is absent � has answered: the horsehair blanket has sung.

                Poems are sketches for Being: the poet lives according to them.

                In the thirties Osip Mandelstam is caught in the �purges.� The road leads to Siberia, where we lose his trace.

                In one of his last publications, �Journey to Armenia,� published in 1932 in the Leningradmagazine �Swesda,� we also find notes on the matters of poetry. In one of these notes Mandelstam remembers his preference for the Latin Gerund.

                The Gerund ! that is the present participle of the passive form of the future.